[26] Both were installed in 2012. Thats what counselling does for you; every Monday, I end up crying my eyes out because of things that Id blocked out for years., Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. [This is a republication of an article originally published on HWO on 18 January 2021, the fortieth anniversary of the New Cross fire.]. The New Cross house fire was a fire that occurred during a party at a house in New Cross, south-east London, in the early hours of Sunday, 18 January 1981. When the Black community locks shop and puts up a wall of silence regarding what goes on within our community - nothing comes out. Marion County Fire Rescue crews responded to a mobile home on Northeast 86th Lane at 12:41 a.m. He was buried on 20 July 1983 in Lewisham. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. Leverage your professional network, and get hired. But at 5.40am the joy turned to tragedy when a fire ripped through the house. We expand the work of History Workshop Journal, and continue the democratising spirit of the History Workshop movement. Published: Feb. 22, 2023 at 7:59 AM PST. Role Active Director Date of birth April 1956 . On 18 January 1981 he was at a party held at 439 New Cross Road, London, SE14 6TA that claimed 13 lives as a result of a fire and subsequently became disturbed following the deathsof his best friends. Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. See full bio More at IMDbPro Contact Info: View agent, publicist, legal on IMDbPro Known For Cast Away Location Management (2000) Most Daring Producer (2007-2010) I Married a Murderer Producer (2017-2018) Coach Charming Producer (2015) ER 2002-10, 2015, 2017-22 Director. Save my name and email address in this browser for the next time I comment. Having grown up in a mixed race neighbourhood and having friends that have taken this to heart I was interested as to why. [6] They were: A survivor of the fire, Anthony Berbeck, apparently died by suicide on 9 July 1983 by jumping from the balcony of a block of council flats in south London. Police officers at the scene of the fire initially blamed the neo-fascist National Front. Artists like Linton Kwesi Johnson, Benjamin Zephaniah, and Johnny Osbourne also wrote poems and songs, telling the story of the massacre, and condemning the silence which followed it. Many black Britons viewed those acts the states retaliation for the Black Peoples Day of Action demonstration. When safety doesn't come first! The group also plan to launch a charity to support those affected by the tragedy and help forward the aspirations of young, Black people of Caribbean heritage. Smithyman's alleged involvement first emerged when he was interviewed by police ten years after the fire following a tip-off by a previous associate called Paul Smith, who is now a property developer based in Clacton, Essex. Charles is evicting Harry and Meghan from Frogmore Cottage 'so he can start after his Coronation with A royal princess at Eton? Many believe he took his own life as a result of the trauma of. [13], The Action Committee organised a "Black People's Day of Action" on 2 March, when 20,000 people marched over a period of eight hours from Fordham Park to Hyde Park carrying placards that bore statements including: "Thirteen Dead, Nothing Said", "No Police Cover-Up" and "Blood Aga Run If Justice Na Come". Tricky emoji quiz will put your knowledge of childhood classics to the test. Wed walk to school and see graffiti of black men hanging on lamp posts. The Black Peoples Day of Action was organised for Monday 2 March thatyear. [9] This second inquest also resulted in an open verdict. In towns and cities across England, concerts and readings were held to raise funds for the victims families and those injured escaping the fire. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in, Please refresh your browser to be logged in. I'm a Feng Shui expert and these are the three things I will never allow in a bedroom. Facebook gives people the power to. View the profiles of people named Anthony Cross. No further information on the new partner, A M Harris, has been found) before, in January 1913, it became known as Procter and Birkbeck (T E Birkbeck having been with the firm since at least 1900). After being turned away, the other boy whom he named began the fire in revenge. Lottery and the Arts Council to produce two anthologies of interpreters' stories and a play about a couple in a cross-language relationship, for the Soho Theatre, London. But what can I tell you, I am here, I am alive. In 1956 he moved to Israel where he served in the air force and attended the National Sport Academy, where he studied fencing. Some 300 police officers and 65 members of the public were injured in three days of violent unrest. Many black Britons believed that the National Front (NF), a fascist group, was responsible for those incidents as well as the New Cross Fire tragedy. The blaze killed 13 young black people aged between 14 and 22, and one survivor killed himself two years later.[1]. See Photos . Mr Haynes is receiving counselling paid for by the BBC after he participated in the Uprising documentary in July by Steve McQueen and James Rogan, one year after he appeared in a 2020 documentary co-produced by Nadine White about the Black Peoples Day of Action march. ", George Francis, Gerry's father and chair of the New Cross Parents' Committee, told BBC London: "Some people have gone mental through this fire. CROSS for fire safety Region: CROSS-UK Published: 29 March 2021 Neil Gibbins discusses CROSS's expansion into fire safety and the benefits that this will bring to the fire safety sector. Many of the victims' families and the survivors attended the event. Initially. A second Coroners inquest into the New Cross fire held in 2002 also returned an open verdictthough, crucially, the partygoers were fully cleared of any responsibility. True justice would look like 65 Black people, who were affected by the fire, being made multi millionaires by the Government where they havent received compensation, Mr Haynes said. Sir Collins, who lost his son Steven in the fire, produced a whole album in tribute to the thirteen young Black Britonsthe album features Stevens voice, recorded when he was much younger. We are old people and we want to know the truth before we die.". (London and Sydney: Pluto Press, 1984); Darcus Howe, New Cross: the blaze we cannot forget. The Guardian, 17 Jan 2011. Join Facebook to connect with Tony Birbeck and others you may know. In the 1960s and 1970s there was a litany of police framing and police brutality. "I hope the people inside the house will be called to give evidence.". There is also a memorial to the victims consisting of a park bench, plus 13 trees with a plaque at either end, on Hackney Downs in east London, and a memorial plaque on the wall of Catford Civic Hall listing the names of the "fourteen young people who died in the New Cross Fire of 18th January 1981". An audience member suggested a weekday march to bring the city to a standstill. Then they questioned eight black youths who subsequently claimed they had been forced to make false statements. It seeks to deepen understandings of the past, cast light on the present and agitate for change in the world we live in now. On 1 March, the Daily Mail falsely reported that several of the fire survivors were arrested and would face severe charges in what black Britons saw as an attempt to undermine the demonstration and the black communitys inquest into the house fire. Initially. "[18], On 14 January 2011, an event called "Remembering the New Cross Fire 30 Years On" was held at the Albany Theatre in Deptford. A mural has been revealed in honour of 14 young black people killed by a fire in south London 41 years ago. See Photos. 10 Matches for Stephen Birbeck . | I remember the floor felt spongy and the heat was rising. [40], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}512833N 00149W / 51.4757N 0.0304W / 51.4757; -0.0304, Last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:53, "Inquest begins into 14 victims of 1981 fire", "Report says New Cross fire was not race attack", "Did the New Cross fire create a black British identity? CROSS-FIRE & SECURITY CO.,INC. I am an experienced Counsellor, offering affordable counselling to those who feel burduned by emotional problems in their lives. 1 He lived at Westacre, Norfolk, England. The fourteen victims of the New Cross massacre were: Rosaline Henry; Patricia Johnson; Humphrey Brown; Gerry Paul Francis; Owen Wesley Thompson; Andrew Gooding; Peter Campbell; Lloyd Hall; Patrick Cummings; Steve Collins; Yvonne Ruddock; Glenton Powell; Paul Ruddock; and Anthony Berbeck. But forensic evidence then suggested it began inside the house. Covering: Cooke Township, Newville Borough, North Newton Township, Penn Township, South Newton Township, West Pennsboro Township, Lower Mifflin Township, Upper Mifflin Township, Upper Frankford Township Office Hours: Monday - Friday: 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. The Independent on Sunday has also learned that much of the blame will be directed at a group of adults who were at the party that night. As the clock ticked past midnight on 18 January 1981, a house party in New Cross, south-east London, was just getting started. Ruddock was on the third floor when the fire broke out in the ground-floor living room. For more information about this hero click on the picture of his plaque. After police failed to find the culprit, the local community adopted the slogan '13 dead, nothing said'. We wanted to make our voices heard, says Hassan Howe, the widow of the Trinidadian writer and racial justice campaigner Darcus Howe. There was a significant amount of racial tension across London. The party had started the night before on January 17, 1981 but the fire started around 5.40am the following morning.. I will always remember him as I saw him the night of the party. Username. Theres so much more to this story. Speaking exclusively to i, Ruddock says: The party was brilliant. A 14th person, Anthony Berbeck, was described as having died "following trauma brought on by the fire". Twenty-seven others were seriously injured. Witnesses stated that he threw a Molotov cocktail into the house party. New Cross Fire Anniversary 39th anniversary of the New Cross Fire, when 14 young people tragically lost their lives at a house fire in New Cross Road in 1981. A 14th victim died in 1983. [2] The coroner said that the fire was probably started deliberately by one of the guests, but as he could not be sure of this, he returned an open verdict.[10]. People started panicking and screaming. [29], Blood Ah Go Run, a 1981 film by Menelik Shabazz, documents the response of the Black community to the fire. You still feel it. The poet Nefertiti Gayle later memorialised the tragedy alongside acts of racist violence in London, the United States, and Apartheid South Africa.[1]. High street giant WH Smith has been hit by cyber attack as hackers access company data including info on Can YOU guess the book? In the early morning on Sunday 18 January 1981, a fire broke out at 439 New Cross Road in the London Borough of Lewisham. ', A Met spokesman said: 'We thoroughly investigated the circumstances of the fire in 1981. Cordelia J Birkbeck. Police also ruled out the theory that a fight had taken place. The Witch Trials of JK Rowling makes sensible points. This theory was corroborated by eyewitnesses who reported having seen a white man drive away from the house in a light-coloured Austin Princess moments after the fire had started. Fern Tree Fire Brigade Deceased: 1992: Nigel Bruce HUME: Hobart Fire Brigade 1993: Kenneth Graeme HAMMOND: Fire Safety 1993: Neville Robert BINGHAM: Barrington Group 1993: James Maxwell SMITH: Stanley Fire Brigade 1994: Neil James MANNING: Tasmania Fire Service Deceased: 1994: Brian Edward RAINBIRD: Sorell Group 1994: William John BURKE: Hobart . Through the occupation of urban space, the marchers filled the silence rendered by the states indifference to the loss of Black lives and proclaimed: Come what may, we are here to stay. Two inquests into the victims' deaths gave an open verdict. I help people through a broad range of emotional issues and am available to see you 7am - 9pm Monday - Friday. Exclusive: A lot of people refuse to do their research because they want to believe that a white person did it; how did the alleged white arsonist get past the doors and into the party? Wayne Haynes told The Independent. Commander Graham Stockwell, head of south London CID . She told reporters at the time: I ran to the living room and saw the top of the armchair, the curtains, ablaze. ER 2002-05 Others carried loudspeakers and banners bearing the names and faces of thevictims. "We know it [the fire] was not an accident. 2 . Its a sentiment shared by Hassan Howe. Anger and fear sparked an unprecedented demonstration by black Britons, tens of thousands taking to the streets of London. It began on the evening of Saturday, 17 January 1981, and continued throughout the night and into the early hours of Sunday, 18 January.[5]. The house had been full the night before, with revellers celebrating the sixteenth birthday of Yvonne Ruddock and the eighteenth birthday of her friend Angela Jackson. Refreshments are available both before and after the service. Born in Timioara, Romania. However, he maintains that the initial police response in 1981 was woefully inadequate and the Conservative government failed to support those affected by the fire - and are still failing in this regard. She received her medical degree from University. ", Mr Haynes was burnt from his fingers to the top of his arms, 06 May 04 The History of Radical Mas Bands at Notting Hill Carnival, Crush the Despicable! The New Cross Fire was a significant turning point in Britain in terms of black Britons, the police and the medias relationship and intergenerational alliance to expose racism, injustices and the plight of black Britons. The New Cross fire is. I am an experienced corporate lawyer with more than ten years of experience and have transitioned in-house to be an Associate General Counsel at Shutterfly, where I focus on general corporate. But attempts to get a new inquest were twice rejected, until the High Court finally agreed to demands in 2002. The blaze broke out on 18 January 1981 at a joint birthday party for Yvonne Ruddock and Angela Jackson at 439 New Cross Road in Lewisham. He tried to save us. The disaster claimed a 14th victim two years later when 20-year-old Anthony Berbeck took his own life in 1983 because of what an inquest judge called "trauma brought on by the fire". The New Cross Fire (January 18, 1981) On Sunday, January 18, 1981, thirteen black youths attending a birthday party in Deptford, South London was killed in an alleged racially-motivated house fire. Locals and the Friends of Birnbeck Pier have been petitioning for this part of Weston's heritage to be revived to its former glory. Both inquests recorded open verdicts. The New Cross house fire was a fire that occurred during a party at a house in New Cross, south-east London, in the early hours of Sunday, 18 January 1981.The blaze killed 13 young black people aged between 14 and 22, and one survivor killed himself two years later. All rights reserved. But, as Darcus Howe said on the 30th anniversary of the fire in 2011 it is the blaze we cannot forget.. On the night of the fire, nine black youth died. In 2002, a new action in the High Court led to an order for a second inquest, which was held in 2004. Nearly 100 guests attended the joint birthday party for Yvonne Ruddock and Angela Jackson at Ruddocks three-storey home. | Barling's London", "Hideously diverse Britain: Memories of the New Cross tragedy never fade", "New Cross Fire Memorial Window at St. Andrew's Church, Brockley, London SE4 - detail", "New Cross fire: Memorial service and commemorative plaque unveiling", "New Cross Fire - New Cross Road, London, UK", "Memorial plaque for New Cross fire victims unveiled", "New Cross Fire Memorial in Fordham Park", "13 Dead, Nothing Said" exhibition at Goldsmiths, "13 Dead, Nothing Said" | 16 May 2017 27 May 2017" Exhibition notes, "Photographs uncover 1981 New Cross march for racial equality", "Blood Ah Go Run: New Cross Fire 1981 Documentary", "Linton Kwesi Johnson - New Crass Massahkah", https://www.discogs.com/release/4627678-Sir-Collins-New-Cross-Fire-Page-One, "Jay Bernard wins Ted Hughes new poetry award", "Jay Bernard's 'personal and brave' poetry wins Ted Hughes award", "British writer launches poetry show based on 'New Cross Massacre' which killed 13 Blacks", "Alex Wheatle on the Life Story That Inspired Steve McQueen's Latest Small Axe Film", "Steve McQueen To Co-Direct BBC Race Relations Documentary Series 'Uprising', "30 years after the New Cross fire: challenging racism today", Remembering the New Cross Fire 30 Years On - promotional video, "New Crass Massahkah: Remembering the fire at 439 New Cross Road", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Cross_house_fire&oldid=1141325113, Glenton Powell, age 16 (died in hospital), Yvonne Ruddock, age 16 (died in hospital), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 13:53. These were not just national events that got brushed under the carpet, these were personal events for me. Peter Fryer, Staying Power: History of Black People in Britain. He tweets @DrAaronAndrews. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio's travel planner. Smithyman and his friend may well have come to the door and couldnt get in but someone wouldve at least remembered two white boys approaching the venue - but nobody recalls this. Required fields are marked *. This Government doesnt care about the people of this country, whether theyre Black or white; theyre quite happy to have in-fighting in this country among the racists and religions in this country because it helps them to keep control, Mr Haynes said. He was the baby of the family. Beaming Prince Harry and Meghan enjoy a date night at exclusive $4,200-A-YEAR Repli-Kate! A survivor of the New Cross fire of 1981 which killed 13 Black partygoers has dismissed fresh allegations of police cover-up after renewed speculation that the blaze was started by a racist arsonist. [32], Rex Obano's radio play Lover's Rock (BBC Radio 3, broadcast in November 2012) is a fictional account of the events leading up to the New Cross Fire. Protesters travelled from across England to attend the eight-hour march, which set off from Fordham Park in New Cross a short walk from the scene of the fire. The person said 'There was a fire at the party Gerry did not make it.' Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. [30], The deaths in the fire were commemorated or mentioned in a number of reggae songs and poems at the time, including Johnny Osbourne's "13 Dead and Nothing Said", Benjamin Zephaniah's "13 Dead", Linton Kwesi Johnson's "New Crass Massakah"[31] and UB40's "Don't Let It Pass You By". Read More About Us. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group. This led to accusations that the police had not done enough to solve the mystery of the fire. He was one of more than 100 youngsters who had gathered at 439 New Cross Road to celebrate 16-year-old Yvonne Ruddock's birthday. Meanwhile Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher failed to send condolences despite sending a similar letter to the Taoiseach following the Stardust nightclub fire in Dublin three weeks later. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. It would also keep jobs from taking their toll on the elderly. Yvonne's brother Paul, aged 22, also perished. BIRBECK, Anthony Correspondence address No 4, Castle Court 2, Castlegate Way, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 4RH . [2], A forensic science report produced for the Metropolitan Police in 2011 ruled out a firebomb attack, finding instead that the fire had started when somebody in the house set fire to a foam-filled armchair in the front room of the property at 5:40 am on Sunday morning. Racists like to boast about their accomplishments., The Black Peoples Day of Action demonstration (March 1981). After several subsequent failed inquests by The Metropolitan Police, (the Met) black Britons were convinced that the police had failed the black community by not treating the thirteen black youths deaths seriously. I remember it as if it was yesterday. The loss of so many of his friends became intolerable for him and he died after falling from a block of flats. How the hell did someone walk in that house from off the street, start the fire and walk back out? Mr Haynes said: We need to stop doing this. A new investigation into the blaze that killed 13 young black people at a London party 23 years ago suggests that a group of adults inside the house was to blame. Find staff in Birkbeck's Department of Languages, Cultures and Applied Linguistics. Word spread that it was a targeted attack but fire forensics ruled out the allegation. He adds: There was no outpouring of sympathy. Lovers rock tracks pumped from a sound system as revellers jostled for space on the dancefloor. London, 06 May 04 Parliament says nothing. Other occupants: Sylvia K Birbeck. The armchair blew up and I ran out. Corroborated eyewitness accounts placed a white man in an Austin Princess vehicle at the New Cross Fire scene. He has published on inequality and the inner city in Britain, and his article Truth, Justice, and Expertise in 1980s Britain: the Cultural Politics of the New Cross Massacre appears inHistory Workshop Journal issue 91, where it is available on free access. On March 2, an estimated 20,000 demonstrators including members of the Black Panther Party, Black Parents Movement, and Black Youth Movement, marched in one of the most massive demonstrations against racial injustice in British history. A series of public memorials have been installed naming the fourteen young men, women, and children who lost their lives as a result of the firethese include plaques on 439 New Cross Road and Lewisham Town Hall, and a memorial in Fordham Park. Windows exploded and revellers fled the house. Nevertheless, the popular press focused overwhelmingly on the minor disturbances that occurred on an otherwise overwhelmingly peaceful demonstration. Policies Link opens in new tab . Many believed the move demonstrated naked contempt towards a black community inmourning. Theion TVnewsletter is a daily email full of suggestions of what to watch as well as the latest TV news, opinions and interviews. The New Cross fire in South London in 1981 prompted a campaign for political action over allegations of a totally inadequate response from police and government. The New Cross Massacre exposed the indifference and disdain with which government and the media have treated the loss of Black lives. | NF logos and W*gs Out written on rucksacks; N***rs Out scratched into school desks. . He was awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize 2011, a prize "awarded to outstanding scholars under the age of 36 . On Sunday, January 18, 1981, thirteen black youths attending a birthday party in Deptford, South London was killed in an alleged racially-motivated house fire. Magdalene Edwards, now 57, survived the fire by jumping from a window while three months pregnant, but her 16-year-old stepsister Rosalind Henry (pictured) died. All Rights Reserved. Tony Birbeck Director at Centurion Financial Planning Durham, England, United Kingdom 72 followers 71 connections Join to connect Centurion Financial Planning Activity https://lnkd.in/dSyWCQM It. My knees went jelly.. Between 5:45 and 5:55 a.m. on Sunday 18 January 1981, a fire broke out in the front room of 439 New Cross Road in the London Borough of Lewisham. Pub puzzle depicting a 'common phrase' stumps thousands - before the What lack of sleep REALLY does to your face: Expert reveals the warning signs your skin is suffering. 23,831 brave WW2 seamen remembered on the monument at Tower Hill. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the infamous New Cross fire in Lewisham, south London where 13 Black youth died at a birthday party in what many believed was an arson attack motivated by racism. It hits you again with full force. Photo Vron Ware, Courtesy of Autograph ABP, London, African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. We got there early and crowds began to build. I shouted for help. 1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) You have misleading reports on radio and television. A survivor was so horrified by what he saw that he killed himself two years later. In early April, an estimated 943 peoples were stopped and searched by the police under Sus laws, an addendum to the 1824 Vagrancy Act, and 188 black youths were arrested. Survivor season 41 - everything we know about the cast, 1981 New Cross Fire wasnt a racist attack, survivor says, he appeared in a 2020 documentary co-produced by Nadine White about the Black Peoples Day of Action march, Extra 20% off selected fashion and sportswear at Very, Up to 20% off and extra perks with Booking.com Genius membership, $6 off a $50+ order with this AliExpress discount code, 15% off selected items using this eBay discount code, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK February 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this February, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. The second inquest has been an unprecedented opportunity for families, survivors and the police to try and provide answers to questions which have haunted them all for the past 23 years. Your email address will not be published. When they arrived, heavy smoke and flames were coming from the home. The symbolism of the march drew on Black British history, and articulated new Black futures. A new investigation into the blaze that killed 13 young black people at a London party 23 years ago suggests that a group of adults inside the house was to blame. The house had been full the night before, with revellers celebrating the sixteenth birthday of Yvonne Ruddock and the eighteenth birthday of her friend Angela Jackson. In the immediate aftermath of the blaze, the police were accused of not properly investigating what happened while the government and Royal Family were silent on the issue without so much as a message of condolences to the families affected. By February 9, four more black teenagers had succumbed to their fire injuries. The police were widely seen to be scapegoating young Black Britons for the tragedy and the media barely reported the massacre. They felt as if no one cared about their loss. Presenter posts Home Secretary warns political correctness has created a 'blind spot' for Islamist extremism to operate 'This is not the way to conduct an interview': Smiling Iranian foreign minister says women in his country Now the CHICKENS could get vaccines! The victims of the fire were very publicly memorialised during the Black Peoples Day of Action (2 March 1981) when up to 20,000 people (estimates vary) marched for over 12 miles through central Londonfrom New Cross Road to Hyde Parkwith many carrying aloft placards bearing pictures of the thirteen victims, their names, and dates of birth and death. And Angela Jackson at Ruddocks three-storey home mobile home on Northeast 86th Lane 12:41... 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You guess the book a weekday March to bring the city to a standstill on 20 July 1983 Lewisham! ; N * * rs out scratched into school desks may know Action was organised for Monday March. To a standstill by a fire at the party had started the night of the party was.... And walk back out doing this suggestions of what to watch as well as latest. March drew on Black British History, and continue the democratising spirit of the fire 1981. Fire ] was not an accident Haynes said: we need to stop doing this your. Hell did someone walk in that house from off the street, start fire... Of his plaque personal events for me email address in this browser for the tragedy and the media reported! In the ground-floor living room: the party had started the night before on January 17, 1981 but fire! Back out burduned by emotional problems in their lives fire ] was not an accident, which was held 2004! Succumbed to their fire injuries as well as the latest TV news, opinions and.... Peter Fryer, Staying Power: History of Black people in Britain 4, Castle 2. Midlands, DY1 4RH himself two years later fire scene Philip Leverhulme Prize 2011, Prize. Correspondence address no 4, Castle Court 2, Castlegate Way, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1.... By Black Britons viewed those acts the states retaliation for the tragedy the...